ENSAIO SOBRE A DETERMINAÇÃO DOS INVESTIMENTOS E QUESTÕES DE ECONOMIA POLÍTICA EM KALECKI

Abstract

The objective of this essay is to analyze the determination of investments and the political economy issues in Kalecki's theories, highlighting the differences between developed and underdeveloped economies. Methodologically, the work is based on a critical literature review, integrating relevant theoretical contributions. Kalecki argues that investment is crucial for economic growth, influenced by factors such as expectations and uncertainty. In developed economies, the challenge is to maintain effective demand to ensure full employment, while in underdeveloped economies it is necessary to expand productive capacity to absorb the workforce. The essay explores the dynamics of the economic cycle, where investment generates fluctuations in economic activity, and discusses government intervention to mitigate these fluctuations and achieve full employment. It concludes that, despite the theoretical feasibility of Kalecki's proposals, practical implementation faces significant political and institutional obstacles, especially in underdeveloped economies, where structural transformation and effective taxation of the rich are essential for sustainable development.