Possibilidades de uso da Inteligência Artificial Generativa no ensino de línguas estrangeiras: uma revisão bibliográfica apoiada em chatbots

Abstract

Since the launch of ChatGPT in November 2022, chatbots powered by large language models (LLMs) have become popular. In this mixed-method exploratory study, we asked several generalist chatbots (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Grok, Deepseek, Copilot, One, Luzia, and Meta), as well as two specialized AI-powered platforms (Perplexity and Consensus), to search for references on the topic of using chatbots in foreign language teaching, using the same prompt. We focused on works published between 2022 and 2025 in Spanish or Portuguese. We compared these results with those obtained in searches conducted with Google Scholar on the same topic and search parameters. With the data collected, a final integrative analysis was performed with NotebookLM to reveal the advantages, uses, and, at the same time, the precautions and challenges that teachers and students should consider when working with these systems. This research revealed that the generalist chatbots used produce insufficient and unreliable results, so it is better to use Google Scholar, following appropriate search strategies. Perplexity and Consensus could be used for initial searches with the necessary precautions. An infographic and a podcast were prepared to disseminate the results. Finally, it is worth highlighting the importance of ethics and transparency in academic research processes, as well as prompt literacy when working with chatbots.