Repensando el binarismo adulto/niño: childism, literatura infantil y crítica epistemológica
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https://doi.org/10.28998/2175-6600.2026v18n40.21269Palabras clave:
childism, adultismo, adultocentrismo, literatura infantilResumen
Este artículo examina el concepto de childism tanto como una estructura crítica para identificar prejuicios contra los niños como una perspectiva transformadora para repensar las relaciones sociales y políticas entre generaciones. Desarrollado inicialmente en la década de 1970 en relación con la psiquiatría, el psicoanálisis y la crítica de la literatura infantil, el childism se refería, al principio, a la presunción adulta de superioridad sobre los niños y a los estereotipos, microagresiones y relaciones asimétricas de poder mediante los cuales la infancia se construye como dependiente, inmadura y subordinada. El artículo discute primero esta interpretación y, a continuación, analiza el papel de la literatura infantil como un campo en el que las representaciones adultocéntricas de la infancia se reproducen y se cuestionan críticamente al mismo tiempo. Por último, el artículo se centra en la interpretación reconstruccionista del childism, entendido no solo como una crítica al adultismo, sino como una herramienta epistemológica y política. Desde esta perspectiva, el childism abre un espacio político interdependiente en el que la agencia, la diferencia y la participación de los niños pueden contribuir a repensar de manera más amplia la ciudadanía, la democracia y la justicia social.
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